What are Hemorrhoids / Haemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels, tissues and veins located in the anus and rectum. Hemorrhoid is a condition in which the inflamed veins around the anus or lower rectum cause severe itching, pain, prolapse, thrombosis, mucus discharge, pruritus and bleeding. Rectal bleeding is generally a manifestation of Hemorrhoidal Disease where bright red blood droplets can appear on toilet paper and faeces. This condition is most common in pregnancy, chronic constipation or diarrhea and in aging persons, usually those over the age of 50.

Hemorrhoids may protrude externally or be internal. Although hemorrhoids are definitely irritating and sometimes debilitating, they are almost never life-threatening. Hemorrhoids can often be prevented by, avoiding constipation, healthy diets and making lifestyle changes. Fortunately, hemorrhoids can be treated easily, and may be prevented in many cases. Since the condition of hemorrhoids generally gets worse over the years, safe, gentle, and effective treatment for hemorrhoids can be administered as soon as they occur.

Hemorrhoids affect about 90% of all Americans at some time in their lives. Hemorrhoids (piles) arise from congestion of internal and/or external venous plexuses around the anal canal.

Hemorrhoids are traditionally graded into four degrees, depending on severity.

First-degree: At this stage hemorrhoids bleed with defecation but do not prolapse. Mild symptoms occur at this stage and treatment can be administered by increasing fiber in your diet and by proper anal hygiene. Recurrent rectal bleeding may require nonsurgical techniques such as injection, sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, and rubber band ligation

Second-degree: At this stage hemorrhoids prolapse with defecation. These hemorrhoids can be treated with rubber band ligation or other nonsurgical ablative techniques.

Third-degree: At this stage hemorrhoids prolapse and require manual reduction. With these hemorrhoids, there is significant destruction of the suspensory ligaments. Relocation and fixation of the mucosa to the underlying muscular wall generally is necessary. Prolapse can be treated with rubber band ligation, but hemorrhoidectomy may be required.

Fourth-degree hemorrhoids prolapse and cannot be reduced. If treatment is necessary, these hemorrhoids require hemorrhoidectomy.

Here are some alternative names used in conjunction with hemorrhoids; rectal lump, piles and lump in the rectum.

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